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The franc (represented by the franc sign or more commonly just F) is a
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former currency of France. Between 1360 and 1641, it was the name of coins worth 1 livre tournois and it remained in common parlance as a term for this amount of money. It was re-introduced (in decimal form) in 1795 and remained the national currency until the introduction of the euro in 1999 (for accounting purposes) and 2002 (coins and banknotes).
Coins
The first coins were issued in denominations of 1 and 5 centimes, 1 and 2 decimes (in copper), quarter, half, 1, 2, and 5 francs (in silver), and 20 and 40 francs (in gold). Copper coins were not issued between 1801 and 1848, leaving the quarter-franc as the smallest coin being minted. During this period, copper coins from the previous currency system circulated, with a one-sou coin being valued at 5 centimes.
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At the time of the complete changeover to the euro on 1 January 2002, the coins in circulation (some of which were still produced during 2000) were:
• 1 centime (~ 0.1524 eurocents) stainless steel, rarely circulated (last production stopped around 1982 due to its excessive production cost, and no more demand for it in commerce due to higher inflation and most shop prices rounded to 5 centimes).
• 5 centimes (~ 0.7622 eurocents) aluminum-bronze
• 10 centimes (~ 1.524 eurocents) aluminum-bronze
• 20 centimes (~ 3.049 eurocents) aluminum-bronze
• ½ franc (~ 7.622 eurocents) nickel
• 1 franc (~ 15.24 eurocents) nickel
• 2 francs (~ 30.49 eurocents) nickel
• 5 francs (~ 76.22 eurocents) nickel clad copper-nickel
• 10 francs (~ €1.52) bimetallic (very frequent, but the banknote equivalent was still in circulation)
• 20 francs (~ €3.05) trimetallic, more rare (produced for a short period before the euro, the banknote equivalent was much more frequently used)
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• 100 francs (~ €15.24) silver, rarely circulated (most often bought and offered as personal gifts, but rare in commercial transactions, this coin has now a higher value than its nominal price at the official conversion rate).
Coins were freely exchangeable until February 17, 2005 at Banque de France only (some commercial banks could still perform it but were not required to offer this service for free after the transition period in 2001), by converting their total value in francs to euros (rounded to the nearest eurocent) at the official fixed rate of 6.55957 francs for 1 euro. Banknotes are officially convertible up to 17 February 2012
Banknotes
The first franc paper money issues were made in 1795. They were assignats in denominations between 100 and 10,000 francs. These followed in 1796 by "territorial mandate promises" for 25 up to 500 francs. The treasury also issued notes that year for 25 up to 1000 francs.
In 1800, the Bank of France began issuing notes, first in denominations of 500 and 1000 francs. In the 1840s, 100- and 200-franc notes were added, while 5-, 20- and 50- francs were added in the 1860s and 70s, although the 200-franc note was discontinued.
The First World War saw the introduction of 10- and 5000-franc notes but, despite base metal 5-franc coins being introduced after the war, the banknotes were not removed.
In 1944, the liberating Allies introduced paper money in denominations between 2 and 1000 francs. Following the war, 10,000-franc notes were introduced, while 5-, 10- and 20-franc notes were replaced by coins, as were the 50- and 100-franc notes in the 1950s.
The first issue of the new franc consisted of 500-, 1000-, 5000- and 10,000-franc notes overprinted with their new denominations of 5, 10, 50 and 100 new francs. This issue was followed by notes of the same design but with only the new denomination shown. 500-new franc notes were also introduced at this time. 5- and 10- franc notes were withdrawn in 1970 and 1979, respectively.


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