Global Strategic Petroleum Reserves发表评论(0)编辑词条

Global strategic petroleum reserves ("GSPR") refer to crude oil inventories (or stockpiles) held by the government of a particular country, as well as private industry, for the purpose of providing economic and national security during an energy crisis.

    According to the United States Energy Information Administration, approximately 4.1 billion barrels (650,000,000 m3) of oil are held in strategic reserves, of which 1.4 billion is government-controlled. The remainder is held by private industry.

   At the moment the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve is one of the largest strategic reserves, with much of the remainder held by the other 26 members of the International Energy Agency. Recently, other non-IEA countries have begun creating their own strategic petroleum reserves, with China being the largest of these new reserves. Since current consumption levels are neighboring 0.1 billion barrels/day, in the case of a dramatic worldwide drop in oil field output as suggested by some peak oil analysts, the strategic petroleum reserves are unlikely to last for more than a few months.

所谓战略石油储备，是应对短期石油供应冲击（大规模减少或中断）的有效途径之一。它本身服务于国家能源安全，以保障原油的不断供给为目的，同时具有平抑国内油价异常波动的功能。
  战略石油储备是能源战略的重要组成部分。世界众多发达国家都把石油储备作为一项重要战略加以部署实施。目前存在战略储备与平准库存两种石油储备，战略石油储备是在战争或自然灾难时以保障国家石油的不间断供给为目的。而以平抑油价波动为目的的石油储备是平准库存。战略储备体系应该考虑市场化的因素，但战略储备体系本身是服务于国家能源安全的，几乎不盈利。
  战略储备的主要经济作用是通过向市场释放储备油来减轻市场心理压力，从而降低石油价格不断上涨的可能，达到减轻石油供应对整体经济冲击的程度。对石油进口国而言，战略储备是对付石油供应短缺而设置的头道防线，但其真正的作用不在于弥补损失的进口量，而在于抑制油价的上涨。

  此外，战略石油储备还有以下作用：一、可以给调整经济增长方式，特别是能源消费方式争取时间。二、可以起到一种威慑作用，使人为的供应冲击不至于发生或频繁发生。在石油输出国组织欧佩克交替实行“减产保价”和“增产抑价”的政策时，战略储备能够使进口国的经济和政治稳定，不会受到人为石油供应冲击的影响.