GBP发表评论(0)编辑词条
The pound sterling (symbol: £; ISO code: GBP), often simply called the pound,
Poundis the currency of the United Kingdom, its Crown dependencies (the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands) and the British Overseas Territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and British Antarctic Territory. It is subdivided into 100 pence (singular: penny).
The Gibraltar pound, Falkland Islands pound and Saint Helena pound are separate currencies, pegged to the pound sterling.
Sterling is the third-largest reserve currency, after the US dollar and the euro. The pound sterling is also the fourth-most-traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the US dollar, the euro, and the Japanese yen.
Currency of the United Kingdom
The pound scots had begun equal to sterling but had suffered far higher devaluation until being pegged to sterling at a value of 12 pounds scots = 1 pound sterling. In 1707, the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain. In accordance with the Treaty of Union, the currency of the 'united kingdom' was sterling with the pound scots being replaced by sterling at the pegged value.
Pound
Use in the Empire
Sterling circulated in much of the British Empire. In some parts, it was used alongside local currencies. For example, the gold sovereign was legal tender in Canada despite the use of the Canadian dollar. Several colonies and dominions adopted the pound as their own currency. These included Australia, Barbados, British West Africa, Cyprus, Fiji, Irish Free State, Jamaica, New Zealand, South Africa and Southern Rhodesia. Some of these retained parity with sterling throughout their existence (e.g. the South African pound), whilst others deviated from parity after the end of the gold standard (e.g. the Australian pound). These currencies and others tied to sterling constituted the Sterling Area.
Banknotes
Pound
The first sterling notes were issued by the Bank of England shortly after its foundation in 1694. Denominations were initially written on the notes at the time of issue. From 1745, the notes were printed in denominations between £20 and £1000, with any odd shillings added in hand. £10 notes were added in 1759, followed by £5 in 1793 and £1 and £2 in 1797. The lowest two denominations were withdrawn following the end of the Napoleonic wars. In 1855, the notes were converted to being entirely printed, with denominations of £5, £10, £20, £50, £100, £200, £300, £500 and £1000 issued.
On the value of British money
In 2006 the House of Commons Library published a document which included an index of the value of the pound for each year between 1750 and 2005, where the value in 1974 was indexed at 100. (This was an update of earlier documents published in 1998 and 2003.)
Regarding the period 1750–1914 the document states: "Although there was considerable year on year fluctuation in price levels prior to 1914 (reflecting the quality of the harvest, wars, etc.) there was not the long-term steady increase in prices associated with the period since 1945". It goes on to say that "Since 1945 prices have risen in every year with an aggregate rise of over 27 times."
The value of the index in 1751 was 5.1, increasing to a peak of 16.3 in 1813 before declining very soon after the end of the Napoleonic Wars to around 10.0 and remaining in the range 8.5–10.0 at the end of the nineteenth century. The index was 9.8 in 1914 and peaked at 25.3 in 1920, before declining to 15.8 in 1933 and 1934—prices were only about three times as high as they had been 180 years earlier.
Inflation had a dramatic effect during and after World War II—the index was 20.2 in 1940, 33.0 in 1950, 49.1 in 1960, 73.1 in 1970, 263.7 in 1980, 497.5 in 1990, 671.8 in 2000 and 757.3 in 2005.
Value against other currencies
The pound is freely bought and sold on the foreign exchange markets around the world, and its value relative to other currencies therefore fluctuates. It has been among the highest-valued base currency units in the world. As of 11 April 2009, £1 was worth US$1.466 or �1.113.
• Historical exchange rates (since 1990) are given in Exchange rates section of the Economy of the United Kingdom entry.
• Current wholesale exchange rates between sterling and other currencies can be viewed here.
The pound as a major international reserve currency
Sterling is used as a reserve currency around the world and is presently ranked third in amount held as reserves. The percentage which pounds make up of total reserves has increased over recent years, due in part to the stability of the British economy and government, gradual increase in value against many currencies and relatively high interest rates compared to other major currencies such as the dollar, euro and yen. As from mid 2006 it is the third most widely held reserve currency, having seen a resurgence in popularity in recent years. Analysts say this resurgence is caused by carry-trade investors considering the pound as a stable high-yield proxy to the euro.
英镑(Great Britain Pound/Pound Sterling)是英国国家货币和货币单位名称。英国虽然是欧盟的成员国，但尚未加入欧元区，故仍然使用英镑。英镑主要由英格兰银行发行，但亦有其他发行机构。最常用于表示英镑的符号是￡。国际标准化组织为英镑取的ISO 4217货币代码为GBP (Great Britain Pound)。
除了英国，英国海外领地的货币也以镑作为单位，与英镑的汇率固定为1:1
法币地位
由于历史因素，英国的货币法并不统一而且极为复杂。
在英格兰和威尔斯，英格兰银行券为无限法偿之法定货币，而海峡群岛和曼岛等各地方政府亦印行与英格兰银行券等值之纸币，亦为当地之法定货币。然而在苏格兰和北爱尔兰法例中并无法定货币之说，因此所有该两地纸币实为英国铸币的兑换券。
即使在承认法币的英格兰，所谓“法定货币”是指当债务人向法院以足额该等货币提存时，债权人不得声请债务人欠债，但对日常交易之币种则不加限制，因为认为那是合约自由。
现时的英镑
现时的英镑也叫“英磅”，一英镑等于100新便士(New Pence)。硬币分为半便士(halfpenny，於1985年停止流通)，1便士，2便士，5便士，10便士,20便士,一克郎(25便士，於1990年停止流通),50便士,1镑，2镑，5镑(1990年后叫克郎)。所有硬币正面皆为英国君主像，背面除铸有币值外，在不同行政区所铸的硬币铸有不同的图案。但不论硬币於那个行政区铸造，皆全国通用。英国纸币分为1镑(於1988年停止流通)，5镑，10镑，20镑和50镑，所有币值的纸币正面皆印有英国君主像,编号及币值，不同币值的纸币，背面则印有不同的英国名人像。
发行机构
英格兰：
• 英格兰银行(Bank of England)
苏格兰：
• 苏格兰银行(Bank of Scotland)
• 苏格兰皇家银行(The Royal Bank of Scotland)
• 克莱兹代尔银行（Clydesdale Bank）
北爱尔兰：
• 爱尔兰银行(Bank of Ireland)
• 第一信托银行(First Trust Bank)
• 北方银行(Northern Bank)
• 阿尔斯特银行(Ulster Bank)
根西岛政府 泽西岛政府 曼岛政府
历史
旧英镑(LSD或￡sd)
1971年未进行币值十进制之前，一英镑等于20先令；而1先令又等于12便士。换言之，一英镑等于240便士。 当时的硬币分为:
• Farthing (一便士的四分之一，这裡的便士是指旧便士，下同。最后一次铸造是1956年，1960年末停止流通)
• Half Penny (半便士，一便士的二分之一，最后一次铸造是1967年，1969年8月1日停止流通)
• One Penny (一便士，最后一次铸造是1967年，1971年8月31日停止流通)
• Three Pence (3便士，即四分之一先令，最后一次铸造是1967年，1971年8月31日停止流通)
• Six Pence (6便士，即半先令，最后一次铸造是1967年，1980年6月停止流通)
• One Shilling (一先令，最后一次铸造是1967年，1971年进行币值十进制后可当5便士使用，1990年末与旧版本的新5便士硬币停止流通)
• Two Shillings (又叫 Florin，2先令，最后一次铸造是1967年，1971年进行币值十进制后可当10个新便士使用，1993年7月1日与旧版本的新10便士硬币停止流通)
• Half Crown (半克郎，即2先令6便士，最后一次铸造是1967年，1970年停止流通)
• Crown (一克郎，即5先令，最后一次铸造是1965年，1970年停止流通)
与“pound,英镑,货币”相关的词条
→如果您认为本词条还有待完善，请 编辑词条
词条内容仅供参考，如果您需要解决具体问题
（尤其在法律、医学等领域），建议您咨询相关领域专业人士。
0
同义词: 暂无同义词
关于本词条的评论 (共0条）发表评论>>
