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News conference
A news conference or press conference is a media event in which newsmakers invite journalists to hear them speak and, most often, ask questions. A joint press conference instead is held between two or more talking sides.
Practice
There are two major reasons for holding a news conference. One is so that a newsmaker who gets many questions from reporters can answer them all at once rather than answering dozens of phone calls. Another is so someone can try to attract news coverage for something that was not of interest to journalists before.
In a news conference, one or more speakers may make a statement, which may be followed by questions from reporters. Sometimes only questioning occurs; sometimes there is a statement with no questions permitted.
A media event at which no statements are made, and no questions allowed, is called a photo opportunity. A government may wish to open their proceedings for the media to witness events, such as the passing of a piece of legislation from the government in parliament to the senate, via a media availability.
Television stations and networks especially value news conferences: because today's TV news programs air for hours at a time, or even continuously, assignment editors have a steady appetite for ever-larger quantities of footage.
News conferences are often held by politicians (such as the President of the United States); by sports teams; by celebrities or film studios; by commercial organizations to promote products; by attorneys to promote lawsuits; and by almost anyone who finds benefit in the free publicity afforded by media coverage. Some people, including many police chiefs, hold news conferences reluctantly in order to avoid dealing with reporters individually.
A news conference is often announced by sending an advisory or news release to assignment editors, preferably well in advance. Sometimes they are held spontaneously when several reporters gather around a newsmaker.
News conferences can be held just about anywhere, in settings as formal as the White House room set aside for the purpose to as informal as the street in front of a crime scene. Hotel conference rooms and courthouses are often used for news conferences.
U.S. Presidential press conference
When the President of the United States holds a press conference, he takes questions from the press pool in a specific order: wire services (for decades, Helen Thomas of UPI had the first question), broadcast networks, national newspapers, newsmagazines, radio and, lastly, regional newspapers.

新闻发布会
　　又称记者招待会，是一个社会组织直接向新闻界发布有关组织信息，解释组织重大事件而举办的活动。
新闻发布会的特点
　　1.正规隆重：形式正规，档次较高，地点精心安排，邀请记者、新闻界（媒体）负责人、行业部门主管、各协作单位代表及政府官员。
　　2.沟通活跃：双向互动，先发布新闻，后请记者提问回答。
　　3.方式优越：新闻传播面广、报刊、电视、广播、网站，集中发布（时间集中，人员集中，媒体集中），迅速扩散到公众。
新闻发布会的时机与主题
　　（1）恰当的时机：事件前一个月或两个月左右，如滑雪节12月5日召开，10月中旬召开新闻发布会。
　　（2）合适的主题：主题应集中、单一，不能同时
　　发布几个不相关的信息。
新闻发布会的筹备
　　(1)准备主题材料
　　A.发言稿、新闻通稿（发给记者）
　　B.宣传材料
　　C.记者提问提纲（答记者问的备忘录）事先充分讨论，统一认识、口径，专门班 子起草，打印，分发给记者。
　　（2）确定主持人和发言人（谁级别高）
　　A.主持人一般由组织的宣传负责人担任
　　B.发言人一般由组织的主要负责人担任（级别高、有权威性）
　　C.发言人旁边可配设助理人员
　　（3）确定邀请记者的范围地域（全国、地方）形式（文字、图片、录音 ）日期定后，提前一周送请柬，会前一, 二天电话落实。
　　（4）选择合适的地点
　　（5）做好预算